Glossary

Term	Definition
Adaption	Changing behaviors or systems to reduce negative impacts
Balanced Mix Design	Use of performance tests to design pavement structure
Carbon Credit	Tradeable certificate used in carbon mitigation policy systems
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent	Measurement unit used to standardize climate impacts of greenhouse gases
Carbon Emissions	Carbon substances released into atmosphere
Carbon Footprint	Measurement of climate impact over a lifecycle
Carbon Neutrality	Net zero emission achieved through carbon offsets and elimination
Carbon Offsets	Purchasing of carbon credit to comply with emission caps
Carbonation	Permanent sequestration of carbon dioxide
Climate Change	Change in temperature, precipitation or wind for longer than 10 years
Corporate Social Responsibility	Business commitment to behave ethically in the workplace and community
Downstream Scope Three Emissions	Emissions (indirect) from use of company's product
ENERGY STAR APEX Program	A program to reduce energy consumption and costs at asphalt facilities
Environmental Product Declaration	Details of a product's environmental performance during its lifecycle
Environmental, Social & Governance	Three factors measuring corporate sustainability and ethical impact
e-Ticketing	Paperless electronic document on driver and load delivered
Fleet Management	Strategies for managing commercial vehicles
Fly Ash	Fines of a coal combustion product
Green Rating Systems	Framework of sustainable guidelines and metrics for design and construction
Greenhouse Gas	A gas that heats the earth because it absorbs infrared radiation
Greenwashing	Green public relations which are deceptive about a product, claims or policies
Intelligent Compaction	Compaction of road materials using rollers, computer, and GPS.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change	Organization assessing scientific and technical literature on climate change
International Roughness Index	Mathematical measurement of road's smoothness
Kyoto Protocol	1997 treaty where nations detailed emission reduction targets for first time
Landfill-free	At least 90% of operational waste is reused, recycled or converted to energy
Life Cycle Assessment	Environmental assessment method evaluating all stage of a life cycle
Open-Graded Friction Course	Thin permeable asphalt layer
Our Common Future	The 1987 UN report which defined sustainable development
Ozone Layer	Region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun's radiation
Paris Climate Agreement	2015 treaty on climate change to mitigate, adapt and finance CO2 reductions
Perpetual Pavement	Long-lasting structural design and construction of asphalt
Porous Pavement	Product designed to allow water to move through the asphalt layer
Product Category Rules	Product category-specific requirements for conducting a life cycle assessment
Quality Assurance	Method to prevent mistakes in manufactured products and ensure quality
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement	Reprocessed pavement containing asphalt and aggregate
Recycled Asphalt Shingles	Reprocessed shingles containing a stiff binder and aggregate fines
Recycling	The collection and reprocessing of a resource for reuse
Renewable Energy	Electricity supplied from renewable sources
Resilience	The ability to anticipate, prepare for, and adapt to changing conditions
Rolling Resistance	Force resisting a tire's motion
Scope One Emissions	Emissions from company-owned and controlled resources
Scope Two Emissions	Emissions (indirect) from a company's purchase of generated power
Sequestration	Storage or removal of carbon dioxide within a product
Slag	Stony ore waste, a byproduct of smelting
Smoothness	Pavement quality that ensures high driver satisfaction
Speed of Construction	Quick construction techniques, practices, and materials for satisfaction
Stone Matrix Asphalt	Gap-graded mixture designed for rut resistance and durability
Sustainable	Meeting present needs while ensuring future generations can too
Thinlay	Pavement preservation technique that adds 3/4- to 1 1/2 inches of structure
Triple Bottom Line	Balancing environmental, economic, and social impacts
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals	Call for countries to tackle climate action, life and justice issues
Upstream Scope Three Emissions	Emissions (indirect) of products used in the manufacturing of a pavement
Variable Frequency Drive	Type of motor drive
Warm Mix Asphalt	Technologies that allow for production at lower temperature
Wildlife Habitat	Wildlife areas that provide opportunities for food, water, and nesting
Zero Waste	System-wide approach maximizing recycling and reducing waste/consumption